Satellite Communication in India

India is expanding its satellite communication ecosystem with recent GSAT launches, reforms in licensing of GMPCS services, and promotion of private participation through IN-SPACe.

Satellite Communication as a Driver of Digital India

Introduction

• Satellite communication (Satcom) plays a crucial role in ensuring connectivity across remote, rural, and border areas where terrestrial networks are inadequate.
• With the rise of digital infrastructure requirements, Satcom is emerging as a vital pillar of Digital India and BharatNet projects.

India’s Satellite Communication Ecosystem

• Government Agencies
  • ISRO: Development and launch of GSAT series for communication services.
  • Department of Telecommunications (DoT): Licensing and regulatory framework.
  • IN-SPACe: Facilitates private sector participation.
• Key Satellites
  • GSAT-11, GSAT-19, GSAT-29, GSAT-N2: Provide broadband, DTH, VSAT, and high-throughput satellite (HTS) services.

               

Recent Developments

• GMPCS Licensing: Approval for global mobile personal communication by satellite (GMPCS) operators to provide broadband and voice services.
• Private Participation: IN-SPACe enabling start-ups and companies to utilize ISRO infrastructure.
• Policy Push: TRAI recommendations on licensing reforms (2023) to streamline spectrum allocation.
• Integration with BharatNet: Use of Satcom for last-mile connectivity in uncovered villages..

       

Applications of Satcom in India

• Telecommunication: Broadband, voice, DTH, and backhaul connectivity.
• Education & Health: Digital classrooms, telemedicine in rural areas.
• Governance & Security: Disaster management, armed forces communication, border connectivity.
• Commercial Uses: Aviation, shipping, IoT, and enterprise solutions.

Challenges in Satellite Communication

• High Cost: Launch and bandwidth leasing costs remain expensive.
• Spectrum Allocation Issues: Regulatory delays and policy bottlenecks.
• Technological Dependence: Reliance on foreign satellites for certain high-throughput services.
• Competition with 5G/terrestrial networks: Integration challenges between Satcom and ground-based telecom.

Way Forward

• Policy Reforms: Expedite Satcom policy for spectrum pricing and licensing clarity.
• Indigenous Capability: Expand GSAT and HTS fleet to reduce foreign reliance.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Encourage start-ups via IN-SPACe and production-linked incentives (PLI).
• Integration with 5G/6G: Develop hybrid Satcom-terrestrial architecture for nationwide coverage.
• International Collaboration: Leverage partnerships with global players for technology transfer and innovation.