Public Administration Optional (Theories of Leadership ( Paper 1)) by Abhishiekh Saxena

Model Answer

Question #1. Trait theory gives an inexact idea of a successful leadership. Point out limitations of the theory. 10 marks (150 words)

Approach:

Limitations of trait theory.

– There is bound to be some subjective judgment in determining who is regarded as a ‘good’ or ‘successful’ leader

– The list of possible traits tends to be very long. More than 100 different traits of successful leaders in various leadership positions have been identified. These descriptions are simply generalities.

– There is also a disagreement over which traits are the most important for an effective leader

– The model attempts to relate physical traits such as, height and weight, to effective leadership. Most of these factors relate to situational factors. For example, a minimum weight and height might be necessary to perform the tasks efficiently in a military leadership position. In business organizations, these are not the requirements to be an effective leader.

– The theory is very complex

Question #2. Performance of an individual within an organization is a function of both leadership and motivation. Explain. 15 marks (250 words)

Approach:

Link leadership and motivation with performance.

Leadership and motivation

There are two major influences that affect how individuals perform in their environment. These influences are:

Type of leadership that exists and personal motivation. While neither is scientific in nature, there is significant research that identifies some theories and general conclusions about why people perform, how they perform, and why some people display different behaviors that puts them in positions of leadership.

Motivation is a goal-oriented characteristic that helps a person achieve his objectives.

It pushes an individual to work hard at achieving his or her goals. An executive must have the right leadership traits to influence motivation. However, there is no specific blueprint for motivation.

As a leader, one should keep an open perspective on human nature. Knowing different needs of subordinates will certainly make the decision-making process easier. Both an employee as well as manager must possess leadership and motivational traits. An effective leader must have a thorough knowledge of motivational factors for others. He must understand the basic needs of employees, peers and his superiors. Leadership is used as a means of motivating others. 

Leadership and motivation are two of the major pillars for the smooth and effective working of an organisation. In this module we have studied about the basic concepts of leadership and motivation.

Motivation is the reason that an individual acts or behaves in a particular way. Motivation is the process that accounts for the intensity of an individual’s efforts and actions to work towards a set goal.

Leadership and motivation go have in hand, thus, is the responsibility of the leader to inspire and motivate his subordinates and to look after their wellbeing.