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Pumped Storage Projects
Context
The Budget 2024-25 promised a policy for promoting pumped storage projects to enhance electricity storage and integrate renewable energy effectively.
Why Pumped Storage?
- Ambitious Renewable Targets: India aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil power by 2030. In two years (2021-2023), it added 23 GW of non-fossil capacity, with 7.5 GW from wind and solar in just eight months of 2023-24.
- Variable Nature of Renewables: Renewable power generation, now over 10% of total generation, varies significantly, necessitating efficient storage solutions.
- State-of-the-Art Forecasting: Advanced forecasting techniques help predict renewable power variations, allowing grid operators to plan power generation from other sources accordingly.
- Types of Pumped Storage:
- On-River Projects: Similar to conventional hydroelectric projects, using river-supplied reservoirs.
- Off-River Projects: Use two reservoirs at different elevations in a closed loop, pumping water to the upper reservoir when surplus power is available and releasing it to generate power when needed.
Benefits of Hydro Power:
- Quick Response: Hydro power generation can ramp up or down in seconds, unlike coal and nuclear plants that need hours of notice.
- Support During Crises: Hydro power helped prevent blackouts during the pandemic's lights-off campaign.
Energy Storage Solutions:
- Pumped Storage: A preferred method for large-scale energy storage, using water to store and release energy, similar to a large battery.
- India’s Existing Capacity: India currently has 3.3 GW of pumped storage with plans to expand significantly to meet renewable targets.
- Global Leaders: China leads with 44 GW of pumped storage supporting 1,300 GW of wind and solar.
Case Study: Kadamparai Pumped Storage Plant
Integration with Renewable Energy:
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