India has committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070, with ambitious goals for decarbonization and renewable energy. Discuss the progress made by India towards this target and the key challenges that still need to be addressed to ensure its successful achievement.

Category: Environment & Ecology (GS -III),

Test Date: 20 Nov 2024

Approach

Introduction: Mention India’s commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070, as part of its climate action under the Paris Agreement.
Progress Made
- Renewable Energy Expansion: Highlight India’s progress in renewable energy, especially solar and wind, with a target of 500 GW by 2030.
- Solar Power Leadership: India has become one of the largest solar energy producers globally.
- Energy Efficiency Initiatives: Mention energy efficiency programs (PAT, UJALA, etc.) and the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) and green hydrogen.
- Policy Support: Government schemes like PM-KUSUM and Production Linked Incentive (PLI) for renewable energy.
Key Challenges: Dependence on Coal; Infrastructure Bottlenecks; Technological and Financial Constraints; Just Transition
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