Science and Tech. (Achievements of Indians, Indigenization and Developing New Technology) by Rajvardhan

Model Answer

Question #1. Discuss the work of bose - Einstein statistics done by prof. Satyendra nath Bose And show how it revolutionize the field of physics.

Hints

• Satyendra Nath Bose is the great Indian Physicist who known for his work in quantum mechanist. He used statistical method for counting photons.
• Einstein proposed the particulate nature of light i.e. light is made of particles called photons.
• But the no. of probability of these photons would not be described by the principles of classical statistics.
• It was Prof. Bose who applied statistics in a novel way – to particles no. & probability of Einstein photons.
• This statistical method was extended by Einstein himself & it was named as: Bose – Einstein Statics.
• As per this statistics – at near zero absolute temp – all Bosons could condense into a low energy state called – ‘Bose – Einstein Condensate’. (During those times – temp. facilities were not capable of attaining the low temp. to test such prediction – which was done only in 1995)

Contribute to Physics

• Ultimately, all fundamental particular were classified into two categories: Felonious (named after Italian enrico fermi) bosons.

‘Bose-Einstein Statistics Physics’

Standard Model of Particle Physics:

• Helped in the research of discovery of God particles i.e. liggs Boson (a very unstable particle that survive for a fraction of second after its birth & then breaks apart producing other fundamental particles.
• App
• Superconductivity
• Appling in quantum computing
• Atomic tests
• Developing quantitative detectors

Question #2. How was india benefited from the contribution of Sir M. Visvesvaraya and Dr. M.s. swaminathan in the field of water engineering and agriculture science respectively ?

Hints

• Sir M. Visvesvaraya, a civil engineer, contributed to several technical projects. His excellent works in the form of KRS Sam contributed in converting a basses lend into fertile ground.
• M.S. Swaminathan, a geneticist is known for his leading role in Green Regulation. That why he is known as father of Green Revolting. New is promoting environmentally sustainable agriculture for evergreen revolution.

Sir M Visvasvarya & Water Eng.

• KRS Dam – not only a course of water for irrigation, but also for many cities.
• He designed & patented – a system of automatic water floodgates – employed to raise flood supply level of storage in reservoir to the highest level of causing any damage to the dam.
• He also brought - a system for flood protection in Hyderabad.
• He gave technical advise for the location of Mokama Bridge over Ganga in Bihar.
• He played imp. Role in a system to protest Visvesvalaya post from sea erosion.

Contribution of Dr. M.S. Swaminathan in agri science

• He introduced the Mexican semi dwarf what plants + modern farming methods in India.
• He researched on potato genetics & was successful in standardizing procedures for wild solanum species – to the cultivated potato (solanum tuberosum)
• His suggestion on Phenological changes in nice – have resulted in the possibility of 3 harvest / yr. In wheat too, the extended grain filling period was also the result of phonological changes.
• He helped developed better understanding of genetic traits that define Growth and yield. (as these are important for led yields.)
• Former field schools promoted by him in 1970, empowered farmers resulting in precision agri.
• He developed new & imported seed varieties better farming methods & better soil & water techniques.
• He established the National Bureau of Plant, Animal and fish Genetic resource in India.