Instruction:
Question #1. Analyse the role played by regional parties in Indian Political System?And do they pose a challenge to unity and integrity of India? 10 marks (150 words)
Question #2. Green revolution led to the emergence of multi-party competition in Indian politics. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate. 15 marks (250 words)
(Examiner will pay special attention to the candidate's grasp of his/her material, its relevance to the subject chosen, and to his/ her ability to think constructively and to present his/her ideas concisely, logically and effectively).
Question #1. Analyse the role played by regional parties in Indian Political System?And do they pose a challenge to unity and integrity of India? 10 marks (150 words)
Approach:
According to Milan Vaishnav, regional political parties are eternal theme of Indian politics. Regional parties operate within limited geographic area and bank on language, minority, religion etc. The presence of a large number of regional parties is an important feature of the Indian Political System. According to SudhaPai, regional parties are rooted in regional ground. They should not be seen as a by-product of regionalism, rather phenomenon in its own right. It is a result of linguistic reorganization, decline in congress system, uneven development etc.
Role played by regional parties:
Challenge to unity and integrity?
Conclusion:
It can be said that regional parties made politics more competitive and popular participation in the political process more extensive at the grass roots. Despite their shortcomings they were able to bring the local issue to the national platform demanding solutions. They not only strengthen the federal system but also ensure that national politics is democratised.
Question #2. Green revolution led to the emergence of multi-party competition in Indian politics. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate. 15 marks (250 words)
Approach:
The green revolution heralded a new era for agriculture in India, but it also changed the country’s politics, the effects of which are still being felt today. The green revolution, a period of rapid technological change in agriculture stemming from the Introductionduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) crops, transformed India’s agricultural sector between the 1960s and 1980s, ending perennial food shortages and giving rise to ‘modern’ farming based on the intensive usage of inputs like fertiliser, pesticide, and mechanisation.
Impact on Single Party dominant System:
Reasons for emergence:
The agrarian and regional opposition parties offered not only subsidies but descriptive representation for excluded groups. Gaining representation legislatures was important to gaining direct control over agricultural policies.
Criticism:
By increasing the political power of rural groups, the green revolution also gave rise to a regime of extensive subsidisation of the agricultural sector. This has had its share of negative consequences, not least an ecological crisis stemming from the rapid depletion of aquifers and over-usage of toxic pesticides which have, paradoxically, been detrimental to rural communities.
Conclusion:
Innovation in crop technology played a key role in India’s historical transition from single-party dominance to multi-party competition, one of the most important episodes of democratic deepening of the 20th century. Joseph Schumpeter famously termed technological change a form of ‘creative destruction’ to highlight its disruptive consequences. The green revolution illustrates that technological change also represents an important disruptive force in politics. This suggests that political parties must adapt to change and be flexible to accommodate new interest groups.
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Step 1 (Theme, Details & Its Topics):
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