19th September 2022 (7 Topics)
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Joymala’s case flags gaps in private ownership norms for elephants
Context
The ongoing dispute between the Governments of Tamil Nadu and Assam over the alleged mistreatment of a temple elephant named Joymala, has brought into focus the prevailing lacunae over private ownership of elephants in India.
About
Why private ownership of elephants is a concern?
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- Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam, Tripura and Madhya Pradesh account for 96% of elephants in captivity without ownership certificates.
- Captive elephants are provided a poor diet and inadequate food. Due to a limited diet, elephants can suffer from intestinal infections, lung-related injections, or impactions.
- It also leads to an increase in “black marketing” of elephants.
- Other important threats to Elephants
- Escalation of poaching
- Habitat loss
- Human-elephant conflict
- Mistreatment in captivity
- Abuse due to elephant tourism
- Rampant mining, Corridor destruction
Why it is happening?
- Lack of law enforcement or governance of the private ownership of elephants in many States.
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Important Animal Rights Organisation
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About Asian Elephants
- There are about 50,000 - 60000 Asian elephants in the world. More than 60% of the population is held in India.
- There are three subspecies of Asian elephant which are the Indian, Sumatran and Sri Lankan.
- The Indian subspecies has the widest range and accounts for most of the remaining elephants on the continent.
- Protection Status
- IUCN Red List: Endangered
- Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I
- CITES: Appendix I
About Project Elephant
- It is a flagship programme of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF).
- It was launched in 1992 as a Centrally-sponsored scheme.
- The project aims-
- To protect elephants, their habitat & corridors.
- To address issues of man-animal conflict.
- The welfare of captive elephants.
- It addresses issues of man-animal conflict and welfare of domesticated elephants.
- The elephant numbers have not increased or decreased drastically but there is increasing pressure on the elephant habitats.
- The elephant census is conducted once in 5 years under the aegis of Project elephant.
- The direct elephant counting method is based on the sightings of elephants.
- In the indirect method, surveyors follow a dung decay formula for arriving at population estimation which is being used by Tamil Nadu and Karnataka at present.
- A variation of about 8% to 9% has been noticed between the two methods.
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Important Facts
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