Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Meaning: the monetary measure of all goods and services produced in a country in a year
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- GDP rose from ? 2.79 lakh crore (at constant prices) in 1950-51 to an estimated 147.36 lakh crore in 2021-22.
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Per Capital Net National Income
- Meaning: Net National Product is depreciation deducted from Gross National Product (GDP + income from foreign sources).
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- India's per capita Net National Income rose from ? 12,493 in 1950-51 to ? 91,481 in 2021-22 (provisional estimates).
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Total Revenue
- Meaning: Centre's total revenue receipts
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Rose from ? 171.15 crore in 1947-48 to ? 20,78,936 crore in 2021-22, as per this year's Budget revised estimates.
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Forex Reserves
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- India's foreign exchange reserves rose from ? 911 crore in 1950-51 to ? 45,42,615 crore on August 5, 2022.
- The latest figure includes India's Special Drawing Rights and reserve position in the IMF.
- Currently, India has the fifth largest forex reserves in the world.
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Foreign Trade
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- In 1950-51, India's nascent foreign trade stood at ? 1,214 crore, with imports slightly exceeding exports. After India's economic liberalisation, the trade deficit widened substantially.
- In July 2022, foreign trade (merchandise and services) stood at over $143 billion. However, the overall trade deficit amounted to $21 billion as imports far exceeded exports.
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Foodgrain production
- Leading producer:According to Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), India is among the leading producers of milk, pulses and jute, rice, wheat, sugarcane, groundnut, vegetables, fruit and cotton
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- In 1950-51, foodgrain production stood at 50.8 million tonnes, which rose to an estimated 316.06 million tonnes in 2021-22.
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Literacy rate
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- India's literacy rate rose from a mere 18.3 per cent in 1951 to 77.7 per cent in 2017-18.
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Sex Ratio
- Meaning:the total female population per 1,000 males
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- India's sex ratio stood at 946 in the 1951 census. In 2021, the sex ratio read 1,020 females for every 1,000 males, which put India on par with several developed nations.
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