Context

Recently, the White House supported the US Congress to pass legislation (EAGLE Act of 2022), whose aim is to eliminate the per-country quota on issuing green cards.

What is the EAGLE Act of 2022?

• It is known asThe Immigration Bill, HR 3648.
• Eagle stands for Equal Access to Green cards for Legal Employment (EAGLE) Act, 2022.
• It focuses on hiring immigrants based on merit, not their birthplace.
• It was originally introduced in House on June 1st, 2021.
• It was later re-introduced in 2022.

The goal of the Act:

• To allow US employers to “focus on hiring immigrants based on merit, not their birthplace, by eliminating the “per country” limitationon employment-based immigrant visas (green cards).”

Exceptions:

• During the transition period, some visas would be put aside for:
  • Physical therapists and nurses
  • employment-based immigrants and their family members who are not currently in the United States
• Individuals waiting in the immigrant visa backlog: The act includes provisions to allow individuals who have been waiting in the immigrant visa backlog for two years to file their green card applications.

Impact on less-populated countries:

• To reduce the impact of this on less-populated countries, the legislation plans to phase out the per-country caps over the course of nine years.

Benefits of the act

• It will benefit the US economyby allowing American employers to focus on hiring immigrants based on their merit, not their birthplace.
• The bill will be advantageous for Indian job-seekerswho currently rely on temporary visas or await green cards to work in the US.
• Faster processingof the citizenship application will also help immigrant workers to get protection from exploitation

Resistance from Americans:

• Several Americans have expressed their scepticism about the Act and have shown concern:
  • This would encourage more foreigners to come to the US for residency.
  • The low-wage and low-skilled workers would get Green Cards.

How will the legislation benefit Indian Americans?

• Backlogged Indian workers face an impossible wait of nine decadesif they all could remain in the line
• More than 200,000 petitions filed for Indians could expireas a result of the workers dying of old age before they receive green cards.
• With the EAGLE Act 2022, the per-country cap would be removed, which may expedite the petitions for those applying for employment-based green cards.

What is a green card and what are its benefits?

• It is officially known as a Permanent Resident Card, a green card, issued to immigrants, that allows them to live and work in the United States permanently.

How long does it take Green Card holders to become US citizens?

• Once issued, a Green Card is valid for ten years.
• A Green Card holder can apply for US citizenship after five years of permanent residency.
• They need to renew their Green Card before applying for citizenship if it is set to expire in less than six months or has already expired.