11th September 2024 (9 Topics)
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Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
Context
Ahead of the upcoming UN General Assembly High-Level Meeting on antimicrobial resistance, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued it’s first-ever guidance on antibiotic pollution from manufacturing. The WHO highlighted that antibiotic pollution and the resultant antimicrobial resistance (AMR) could threaten global antibiotic effectiveness, including those produced at manufacturing sites.
About AMR
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when pathogens evolve to survive despite the presence of antimicrobial drugs, such as
- This evolution typically results from the misuse or overuse of these drugs, leading to the development of "superbugs" that are resistant to common treatments.
- Impact of AMR: AMR complicates the treatment of infections, making previously manageable diseases difficult to treat. This often results in prolonged hospital stays, higher medical costs, and an increased risk of severe complications. The situation is exacerbated in patients with multiple health conditions.
- Common Resistant Pathogens:
- coli: This bacterium, which can cause gut infections, showed a decrease in susceptibility to many antibiotics. For example, susceptibility to carbapenems dropped from 81.4% in 2017 to 62.7% in 2023.
- Klebsiella pneumoniae: Known for causing pneumonia and urinary tract infections, this pathogen also displayed reduced susceptibility. Susceptibility to two carbapenem medicines decreased from 58.5% to 35.6% and 48% to 37.6% between 2017 and 2023.
- Acinetobacter baumannii: Typically associated with hospital-acquired infections, this pathogen’s resistance to carbapenems was 88% in 2023, indicating its high resistance to even strong antibiotics.
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