29th November 2024 (9 Topics)
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Bangladesh Issue
Context
The ongoing internal strife in Bangladesh is seemingly a trap. Unlike in 1971, when India intervened militarily to help resolve the conflict, the continued civil unrest in the neighbouring country is an issue that needs to be dealt with carefully.
What factors are responsible for Bangladesh’s current turmoil?
The situation in Bangladesh is influenced by several interrelated factors that span its history, politics, culture, and society. Key factors responsible for the current turmoil include:
- Autocratic Governance and Political Instability: The autocratic style of governance, particularly under the deposed Prime Minister, has contributed to political instability. Intense rivalry between the two major political parties has led to confrontational politics, creating a dysfunctional democratic system.
- Conflict Between Secularism, Islamism, and Bengali Identity: While about 90% of the population practices Islam, the secularist-nationalist discourse and the more inclusive, syncretic Bengali culture (which blends Islamic and Hindu elements) are in conflict. Islamic resurgence, especially with hardliner factions, threatens the more inclusive Bengali culture, which historically helped prevent extremism.
- Historical Divisions from the Liberation War: Deep-rooted divisions in society stem from differing roles during the 1971 Liberation War. Some groups, including parts of the Mukti Bahini, resented India's involvement, perceiving it as an attempt to bring Bangladesh under its sphere of influence.
- Negative Public Perception of India: In Bangladesh, there is a widespread perception that India’s involvement in the country’s liberation came with a price, and this narrative has been politically expedient for some groups.
- Role of the Military in Politics: Bangladesh struggles with the institutionalization of stable civil-military relations. The military has a significant influence in both political and commercial spheres.
- Weak Civil Institutions and Governance: The lack of effective governance and institutional checks has led to a deeply fractured polity. Governance is often marked by inefficiency, and institutions have failed to build resilience against political crises.
- Impact of Extremism and Religious Identity: The rise of Islamic hardliners and the political influence of Islamist groups are creating significant tension within Bangladesh’s society.
- Economic Strains and Unemployment: Economic challenges, including rising unemployment and the inability to create sustainable jobs for the youth, contribute to social unrest.
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