9th July 2024 (11 Topics)
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Classical Languages
Context
The Central government's Linguistics Expert Committee recommended tweaks in the criteria for granting classical status.
Current Status and Demands:
- Currently, India has six classical languages: Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).
- Current Criteria for Classical Language Status:
- High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years;
- A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers
- The literary tradition be original and not borrowed from another speech community
- The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.
- Benefits: Designated classical languages receive benefits such as
- international awards for scholars
- establishment of centers of excellence
- creation of professional chairs in universities
- There have been demands from various states and literary circles, including Maharashtra, for classical status for languages like Marathi, Bengali, Assamese, and Maithili.
- The demand for Marathi has been pending for over a decade despite multiple assurances from the Central government. In 2014, a committee chaired by Ranganath Pathare concluded that Marathi meets all criteria for classical language status.
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