Mains Question:
Q1. What do you understand by urban heat island? How this increase in temperature in cities is a signature of man-made actions influencing global warming and the local climate? (150 words)
Approach
- Introduction- define urban heat islands
- Situation in India
- Reasons behind the phenomenon
- Impact of human activities
- Conclude accordingly by suggesting measures
Q2. Majority of India’s population lives in districts highly vulnerable to extreme climate disasters. What are the key drivers of this high vulnerability? Discuss the need of climate-proofing of physical and ecosystem infrastructure. (250 words)
Approach
- Introduction- increasing climate vulnerabilities in India
- Mention most vulnerable states/regions (India’s northeast region)
- Reasons (Unsustainable landscape, lack of infrastructure planning and human induced microclimate change)
- Impact
- Required measures (Climate-proofing)
- climate-sensitivity-led landscape restoration focused on rehabilitating, restoring, and reintegrating natural ecosystems
- Integrate climate risk profiling with infrastructure planning
- Provide for climate risk-interlinked adaptation financing
- Conclusion