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Hoolock gibbon: India’s only ‘Ape’
Context
Recently, as the meeting of Global Gibbon Network (GGN) held in China, the conservation status of India’s only ape was a cause for concern at a global event on gibbons.
- China claims the difference between the gibbon population of India and within its territory in IUCN.
About the Species:
- Gibbons, the smallest and fastest of all apes, live in tropical and subtropical forests in the south-eastern part of Asia.
- The hoolock gibbon, unique to India’s northeast, is one of 20 species of gibbons on Earth.
- The estimated population of hoolock gibbons is 12,000.
- The current conservation status of gibbon species is alarming – all 20 species are at a high risk of extinction.
- Western Hillock Gibbon:
- Its range extends into seven states covering Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura.
- Protection Status: The western hoolock gibbon is 'Endangered' according to the IUCN Red List found in India.
- Eastern hoolock gibbon:
- It inhabits specific pockets of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India, and in southern China and north-east Myanmar outside India.
- It is listed as Vulnerable under the IUCN Redlist.
- In India, both the species are listed on Schedule 1 of the Indian (Wildlife) Protection Act 1972.
The Conservation status:
- The meeting at Haikou in China’s Hainan province has mentioned that gibbon distribution and populations have declined dramatically, with only small populations in tropical rainforests since 1900.
- The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) study concluded that two populations of the Western hoolock gibbon and the assumed Eastern hoolock gibbon split 48 million years ago.
- It also estimated that the gibbon divergence from a common ancestor occurred 8.38 million years ago.
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