22nd November 2024 (10 Topics)

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Impact of climate change on Aquaculture

Context

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations is offering technical expertise to help India tackle the impact of climate change on its aquaculture (fish farming) and fishing industry. These industries are crucial for India's food security, nutrition, and livelihoods, especially in coastal regions.

Key Issues Identified:

Impact of Climate Change on Fisheries: Climate change will reduce ocean productivity and affect the types of fish available for catch. Fish populations and catch compositions will change.
- The blue economy, which includes the fishing and aquaculture sectors, is vital for food security but faces constraints like overfishing and overcapacity.
Aquaculture Growth: Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector globally, and in India, it’s growing faster than the global average. However, to fully realize its potential, India needs to ensure sustainable and equitable growth in aquaculture.
Adapting to Changing Fish Species: With changing climate conditions, India needs to adapt its fishing practices. This includes using new fishing gears and catching different species of fish. This would also involve marketing new varieties of fish to consumers, so they are not just accustomed to traditional types but are open to newer, climate-resilient fish species.
Focus on Small and Medium Players: Many micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in India’s fishing and aquaculture sectors face difficulties, such as lack of access to resources, and are often excluded from decision-making processes.
- The FAO emphasizes the importance of including these smaller players because they contribute significantly to global fish production (about 40% of global marine fisheries) and provide livelihoods to millions of people.

FAO Report on Aquaculture (2022):

For the first time, global aquaculture production exceeded the catch from traditional fisheries.
In 2022, aquaculture produced 130.9 million tonnes, out of which 94.4 million tonnes were aquatic animals. This represents 51% of the total aquatic animal production globally.
Top 10 Aquaculture-Producing Countries: 10 countries dominate aquaculture production, accounting for nearly 90% of global output:
- China
- Indonesia
- India
- Vietnam
- Bangladesh
- Philippines
- South Korea
- Norway
- Egypt
- Chile
India’s Role in Aquaculture: India is the second-largest producer of aquaculture shrimp in the world, producing 900,000 tonnes in 2022, just behind Ecuador.
Aquaculture has been the fastest-growing food production system in the world for the last 50 years. This growth is essential to meet the food needs of a rising global population.
Per Capita Consumption of Aquatic Animal Foods: The global per capita consumption of aquatic animal foods reached 20.7 kg in 2022, up from 9.1 kg in 1961. This is expected to continue rising in the future as demand for fish-based protein increases.
Challenges in Global Fisheries: Despite growth in aquaculture, the capture fisheries (wild fish catches) have remained stable, at 92.3 million tonnes in 2022. However, there is concern over overfishing, with 37.7% of fish stocks in global marine fisheries classified as overfished in 2021. This is a continuous, growing trend from 10% in 1974.

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GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

22nd November 2024 (10 Topics)

Copy

Impact of climate change on Aquaculture

Key Issues Identified:

Still Have Questions?

GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

Impact of climate change on Aquaculture

Key Issues Identified:

Still Have Questions?

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