India's Progress in Bio-Fuel

The Centre’s SATAT scheme for bio-CNG plants at the Indian Oil Corporation has blamed the pandemic for the delays in meeting the target of setting up 5,000 bio-CNG plants by 2023-24.

Sustainable Alternative towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT):

• Under the SATAT scheme, individual entrepreneurs should put up compressed bio-gas (CBG) plants. The CBG produced at these plants will be delivered through cylinder cascades to the network of OMC fuel stations for sale as an alternative green transport fuel.
• To increase returns on investment, the business owners might market the additional by-products produced by these plants separately, such as carbon dioxide and bio-manure.
• Goal: To manufacture compressed biogas (CBG) from trash and biomass sources such as farm residue, cow dung, sugarcane press mud, municipal solid waste (MSW), and waste from sewage treatment plants, and to make CBG available on the market for use as a clean fuel.

Issues:

The progress on the effective functioning of the scheme has been slow and tardy.  Up till now, 40 plants have been commissioned and 80 retail outlets are selling bio-CNG. This is primarily because of the following reasons:

• Feedstock: Feedstock is not present In adequate amounts for the smooth functioning of the plants.
  • Eg. the Radius of feedstock collection and distribution of bio-CNG to 25 km which later increased to 150km due to lack of demand.
• Infrastructure: There is an absence of enough infrastructure to collect the waste. Thus inadequate infrastructure is acting as the hurdle for the
• Technology: India does not have state-of-the-art technology which could efficiently produce CBG at a low cost. Cost-efficient technology is very costly and is absent in the local market.
• Absence of Market: CBG does not have a proper market in the transport sector. Till the time CBG does not have a well-established market in the transport sector, distribution will remain a major challenge.
• Distribution of the gas:

Government efforts:

• Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has issued a circular to include bio-CNG in the “white category” (of non-polluting industries that do not require environmental clearances).
• Government issues Specifications for the sale of organic fertilizers. Union Ministry of Fertilisers will issue clear specifications for both solid and liquid organic fertilisers.
• Government plans to connect 400 cities with the CNG grid in five years, which will take care of the distribution.
• Several state governments are already offering incentives like subsidised land and electricity for bio-CNG plants and feedstock assurance.