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Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs)
Context
Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) are a critical part of global environmental conservation and cultural preservation.
What are Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs)?
- IPAs are areas where Indigenous peoples commit to conserving the environment through their traditional knowledge and practices.
- These areas can include forests, deserts, rivers, and even marine ecosystems.
- The concept of IPAs emerged in the 1990s, particularly in Australia, where the first IPA was established in 1998.
- IPAs are recognized by national governments and often form part of a larger conservation network, contributing significantly to the protection of biodiversity and ecosystems.
- Global Distribution of IPAs: As of 2023, there are more than 3,000 IPAs worldwide, covering approximately 8.8 million square kilometers. This represents about 6% of the planet’s terrestrial protected areas. The distribution of IPAs varies significantly across the globe, with large concentrations found in Australia, Canada, Brazil, and the United States.
- Australia: With 78 declared IPAs, Australia has the largest network, covering over 74 million hectares, nearly 50% of the country’s National Reserve System.
- Canada: Over 20 IPAs are located primarily in northern territories, spanning around 35 million hectares.
- Brazil: Known as Indigenous Lands (Terras Indígenas), Brazil’s IPAs cover an area of 117 million hectares, making up 14% of the country’s total land area.
- United States: The U.S. has numerous IPAs, particularly in Alaska, managed by tribal nations and Indigenous organizations.
- Biodiversity: According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), IPAs are home to:
- 25% of the world’s biodiversity hotspots.
- 40% of the remaining tropical and subtropical forests.
- 50% of the world’s freshwater resources.
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