It is crucial for India to embrace multi-domain operations

Context:

• The threat from the technical advancement of China has brought the concept of multi-domain operations (MDO) to the focus.

Understanding multi-domain operations

• Multi-domain operations (MDO): It comprises operations conducted across multiple domains and contested spaces through the convergence of capabilities with operational and/or tactical predicaments.
• What does it mean: This means having a common operating picture across all domains which forms the basis to decide the best tool to address a given task. The best-positioned and capable operator of any service can act across any domain.

MDO Architecture & C3 Structure

• Understanding MDO and C3: This architecture uses any sensor and the best-positioned shooter to accomplish objectives; it requires the command, control, and communication (C3) structure well in place.
• How will it work: MDO and its C3 structure would have inputs from all sensors to come up with an optimum engagement solution using artificial intelligence.
• Three Essential Features: All sensors must have the ability to be hosted on MDO architecture; executors must be able to receive inputs from the MDO C3 structure; and distributed control in case of communication disruption.