The criticism that coalition governments are inherently or necessarily unstable is not borne out by facts. Since the 1990s at the Union level, India had three Congress-led governments which were able to complete their full terms. Former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee was able to complete his full term as the head of a BJP-led coalition.
Issue
Context
The criticism that coalition governments are inherently or necessarily unstable is not borne out by facts. Since the 1990s at the Union level, India had three Congress-led governments which were able to complete their full terms. Former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee was able to complete his full term as the head of a BJP-led coalition.
About:
What determines the successes of coalition governments; how do they contribute to economic growth, and why post-poll coalitions are popular in India. The article will intend to cover these angles - critically.
Background:
Analysis
But was this period really anarchic?
Reluctance to form pre-election coalitions
Coalition vs. Majoritarian - Polity
A clear majority doesn’t automatically guarantee good governance. Despite not being in a true coalition government, Modi still has enough problems like Shiv Sena and dissenters within his own party like Arun Shourie, Shatrughna Sinha and Kirti Azad, who leave no opportunity to criticize his policies.
The flip-side of coalitions, however, is that they are rarely dictated by a sense of commitment and will to serve for welfare.
The impact of the Coalition government on Centre- State relations can be discussed under the following headings in light of the recent political developments:
In the recent times the appointment of the governor has gone through a rough phase due to coalition form of government. Political compulsions to form the government especially at the national level solely guided by the majority gaining political party certainly results in deteriorating Centre- State relations.
Further also it would make the office of Governor exposed to vulnerabilities of the political pressures.
These events erode democratic credibility of the political system.
The participation of regional parties in the Centre has significantly impacted Indian federal structure. The formation of coalition government has resulted to a large extent deviation from the characteristic of Indian federalism with centralizing tendencies.
Though the coalition form of Government provides an opportunity to different to Socio-Cultural and Economic parties to participate in the Governance of the Nation, it brings about a lot of turf between the Centre and State.
The regional parties at the centre attempt to articulate and aggregate regional interests’ irrespective interest of Nation which in turn affects the overall development of the Nation
With regional parties emergence the demand for state autonomy has increased drastically.
This in turn has helped states to emerge as champions of competitive as well as cooperative federalism. This is particularly beneficial for the health of democracy.
Coalition vs. Majoritarian - Impact on democracy
In case of almost all the coalition governments, the majority of citizens of the country have voted for the parties that are part of the government.
As a wide consensus of opinion is related in this case, all the policies are debated thoroughly by the government before they are implemented.
On the other hand, it is much more likely in case of a single party government that badly thought policies could be implemented by the government, probably due to narrow ideological reasons.
They are often guided by an appetite for power. They could also be brazenly illogical sometimes, like the coming together of the ideological opposites, BJP and PDP, in 2015.
Ethics in Governance - The Government has Promises to Keep
Coalition and Ethics:
The Constitution should be amended to ensure that if one or more parties in a coalition with a common programme mandated by the electorate either explicitly before the elections or implicitly while forming the government, realign midstream with one or more parties outside the coalition, then Members of that party or parties shall have to seek a fresh mandate from the electorate.
Summary note:
The concept of coalition government is good, however, its success depends on the manner in which the coalitions are forged and how governance percolates down. That is equally true of single party governments.
With all their ills, coalition governments are actually far more inclusive than single party majority governments. However, both can be two sides of the same coin of fascism as long as the will of the people is not strong enough.
Learning Aid
Practice Question:
Coalitions of convenience tend not to have coherent policy agendas and tend to be divided from within. Policy formation and to put up a working Cabinet are two separate but important issues that matter to a working coalition. Coalition governments can get a lot of things done. Discuss.
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