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Pakistan at the UNSC, the points of its compass
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Context
On January 1, 2025, Pakistan will join the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) as an elected non-permanent member for a two-year term. This marks Pakistan’s eighth term in the UNSC and is significant for several reasons, particularly the diplomatic dynamics involving India, Pakistan’s regional priorities, and its influence within the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
Pakistan’s Role in UNSC and Regional Focus
- OIC Influence: Half of the elected UNSC members in 2025-26 will be from OIC countries, including Pakistan, which will likely align with other OIC nations on key issues like Gaza and Afghanistan.
- Afghanistan Relations: Pakistan is expected to use its UNSC tenure to rehabilitate its relations with the Taliban, leveraging support from China and Russia.
- India-Pakistan Relations: Pakistan's tenure will likely focus on anti-India initiatives, particularly related to Jammu and Kashmir and its attempts to malign India on the international stage.
Pakistan’s Diplomatic Moves in UNSC
- Kashmir Agenda: Pakistan is expected to push for discussions on Jammu and Kashmir, despite lack of enthusiasm from the P-5 countries, with China’s support for Pakistan’s stance on Kashmir.
- Islamophobia in Terrorism Debates: Pakistan has attempted to introduce Islamophobia as a justification for terrorism in UNSC deliberations, seeking support from OIC nations, which India has successfully resisted in the past.
- Terrorism Accusations Against India: Pakistan will likely continue presenting dossiers and claims of Indian terrorism, despite the UNSC’s rejection of its earlier attempts to list Indian nationals as terrorists.
Multilateral Cooperation Challenges
- Peacekeeping and Development: Pakistan, like India, contributes to UN peacekeeping, but its focus will likely remain on issues related to India, undermining potential multilateral cooperation on shared global challenges.
- Indus Waters Treaty: Pakistan raised the issue of the Indus Waters Treaty in the UNSC, which is a bilateral matter, showcasing its misuse of the UNSC platform for domestic political purposes.
- UN Multilateralism: Pakistan’s internal challenges, such as economic instability and political turmoil, will likely hinder its capacity to foster multilateral cooperation and address global issues effectively during its term.
Practice Question:
Q. Assess the implications of Pakistan’s election to the UN Security Council for India’s diplomatic strategy. Discuss the potential challenges India may face in the UNSC, particularly regarding Kashmir, terrorism, and multilateral cooperation."
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