Context

The Government of India, through the National Health Mission, is supporting the states in their efforts to prevent and manage sickle cell disease.

• In Union Budget 2023-24, the government has announced a mission to eliminate Sickle cell Anaemia by 2047.

What is Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?

• About:
  • SCDis a chronic single gene disorder causing a debilitating systemic syndrome characterized by chronic anaemia, acute painful episodes, organ infarction and chronic organ damage and by a significant reduction in life expectancy.
• Symptoms:
  • Symptoms of sickle cell disease can vary, but some common symptoms include:
    • Chronic Anaemia:leading to fatigue, weakness, and paleness.
    • Painful episodes(also known as sickle cell crisis): these can cause sudden and intense pain in the bones, chest, back, arms, and legs.
      
      
    • Delayed growth and puberty
  • Treatment:
    • Blood Transfusions:These can help relieve anaemia and reduce the risk of pain crises.
    • Hydroxyurea:This is a medication that can help reduce the frequency of painful episodes and prevent some of the long-term complications of the disease.
    • It can also be treated bybone marrow or stem cell transplantation
  • Government Initiatives to Tackle SCD:
    • Government has released technical operational guidelinesfor prevention and control of hemoglobinopathies in 2016 including sickle cell
    • Integrated centers have also been established in 22 tribal districts for treatment and diagnosis.
    • The State Haemoglobinopathy Missionhas been established in Madhya Pradesh to address the challenges in screening and management of the disease.