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Uniform Civil Code (UCC)
Context
Uttarakhand becomes India's first state to implement a Uniform Civil Code, aiming for equal rights in marriage and inheritance, amid political controversy.
What is UCC (Uniform Civil Code)?
- UCC (Uniform Civil Code) refers to a single set of laws that applies uniformly to all citizens of a country, regardless of their religion, caste, or community.
- The idea is to replace personal laws, which are based on religion, with common laws for important issues like marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption.
- Goa is the only other state of the country that already had a common civil code, introduced when it used to be a Portuguese colony.
- Key Features of UCC:
- Uniformity: It seeks to ensure that all citizens are treated equally under the law, no matter their religious beliefs or practices.
- Equality for Women: A major aim of UCC is to ensure equal rights for women, especially in areas like inheritance, divorce, and alimony, where different communities may have varying laws.
- Abolishing Discriminatory Practices: UCC aims to eliminate practices seen as discriminatory or outdated, such as polygamy, child marriage, and triple talaq (instant divorce in some Muslim communities).
- Common Laws: It would replace personal laws (laws specific to religions like Hindu law, Muslim law, Christian law, etc.) with a common set of laws governing the mentioned personal matters.
- The UCC applies to all residents of Uttarakhand, except Scheduled Tribes and protected authority-empowered persons and communities.
Different Civil Codes in India:
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Background in India:
- Directive Principle of State Policy: The Indian Constitution includes a directive to eventually bring in a UCC for all citizens (Article 44). However, this has not yet been implemented fully.
- Debate: The UCC has been a topic of debate in India for years.
- Positive aspects: It will promote national integration, equality, and justice.
- Negative aspects: It could undermine religious freedom and the cultural identity of different groups.
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PYQ Q. Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy. (2015) |
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