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2nd September 2024 (10 Topics)

85th Anniversary of World War II Outbreak

Context

On September 1, 1939, German troops invaded Poland, marking the beginning of World War II, the deadliest conflict in human history involving approximately 100 million people from 30 countries. Following this invasion, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, honoring their commitment to assist Poland. This event highlights the failure of the Munich Agreement, signed less than a year earlier, which is now viewed as a significant miscalculation in dealing with Adolf Hitler’s expansionist ambitions.

About Munich Agreement

  • Date of Signing: September 29-30, 1938
  • Participants: Germany, France, Italy, and Great Britain
  • Objective: To address Hitler’s demands regarding the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia with a large ethnic German population.
    • Czechoslovakia was not a signatory and was compelled to agree to the terms under pressure from the signatory powers.
  • The Agreement allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland, which was home to over three million ethnic Germans.

Fact Box: World War II (1939-1945)

  •  World War 2 was a battle between two groups of countries the “Allies” and the “Axis“.
    • Allies: The major Allied Powers were Britain, France, Russia, China and the United States.
    • Axis: The major Axis Powers were Germany, Italy and Japan.
  • The War began on September 1, 1939, when German troops invaded Poland, leading Britain and France to declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939.
  • Key events included the
    • Battle of Stalingrad (August 23, 1942 – February 2, 1943), a significant turning point on the Eastern Front
    • D-Day (June 6, 1944), which marked the beginning of the liberation of Western Europe
    • The atomic bombings of Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945), leading to Japan’s surrender and the end of the war.
  • The war resulted in the end of European colonial empires, the formation of the United Nations (October 24, 1945), and the onset of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.

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