Census Is A Chance For Equity

The Union government has announced that India’s census will resume in 2025, with results anticipated in 2026. Originally scheduled for 2021, the census was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, raising questions about the government's reluctance to disclose updated demographic and socio-economic data.

Importance of the Census

• Foundation for Policy Planning: The census is crucial for informed policy-making in India, providing essential data on demographics, literacy, poverty, and access to basic amenities. This information is vital for identifying infrastructure gaps and shaping targeted development initiatives.
• Focus on Marginalised Communities: Accurate census data helps monitor the socio-economic conditions of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, facilitating the effectiveness of affirmative action policies. A comprehensive caste census is necessary to assess the equitable distribution of benefits among Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
• Potential Risks of Caste Census: While a caste census could enhance transparency and address social disparities, there are concerns that it may exacerbate existing divisions. Nonetheless, recognizing caste dynamics is essential for effective governance and policy formulation.

Political Implications

• Impact on Political Representation: Updated census data could significantly influence political representation, particularly in states with varying birth rates. Southern states, having implemented family planning, fear losing parliamentary seats, while states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh may gain representation.
• Need for Constitutional Safeguards: Article 82 of the Constitution, which protects states' interests in constituency delimitation, may need reinforcement to balance representation for regions prioritizing population control. This is critical in maintaining equitable political power distribution.
• Census as a Measure of Progress: The census serves as a key indicator of social and economic progress in India. Its findings, particularly regarding caste, are essential for formulating inclusive policies that meet the diverse needs of the population.

Future Directions

• Planning for Inclusive Policies: The resumption of the census will enable the government to align its policies more effectively with the actual demographic realities of its citizens. Comprehensive data will support targeted interventions in education, healthcare, and welfare.
• Engaging Stakeholders: Involving various stakeholders, including civil society and marginalized communities, in the census process can enhance the accuracy and relevance of the data collected. This engagement is critical for fostering trust and ensuring that all voices are represented.
• Strategic Use of Census Data: Post-census, it will be imperative for the government to strategically utilize the data to address inequalities and implement social justice initiatives. The insights gained will be fundamental to achieving sustainable development goals.

Practice Question

Q. Discuss the significance of the upcoming census in India for socio-economic planning and political representation. How can the government ensure that the data collected addresses existing inequalities, particularly regarding caste dynamics?