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11th April 2022 (6 Topics)

Counting rhinos

Context

Population of the one-horned species has gone up in the Kaziranga Park.

About

About Rhino in India:

  • The 14th rhino census was completed at the Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve.
  • All eyes are on the rhino population at the UNESCO World Heritage Site as devastating floods had swept Kaziranga since 2018, when the census was held previously.
  • From then to 2022, 400 rhinos died from natural and other causes, though poaching have significantly come down.
  • In the 2018 census, 2,413 rhinos were found in Kaziranga. But this time, 2,613 were counted. 
  • The Indian rhinoceros also called the greater one-horned rhinoceros and great Indian rhinoceros is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent.
  • It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
  • The Indian rhinoceros once ranged throughout the entire stretch of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, but excessive hunting and agricultural development reduced its range drastically to 11 sites in northern India and southern Nepal.
  • It inhabits the alluvial grasslands of the Terai and the Brahmaputra basin.
  • The Indian rhinoceros is regionally extinct in Pakistan.

About Indian Rhino Vision:

  • It was launched in 2005.
  • IRV 2020 is an initiative led by the Forest Department, Government of Assam, in partnership with WWF India, International Rhino Foundation, and several other organizations.
  • Wild-to-wild translocations were an essential part of IRV2020, moving rhinos from densely populated parks like Kaziranga NP, to ones in need of more rhinos, like Manas NP.
  • The goal of IRV2020 was to increase the rhino population in Assam to 3,000 by establishing populations in new areas.
  • Rhinos are now found in four Protected Areas in Assam: Pobitora Wildlife Reserve, Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park, Kaziranga National Park, and Manas National Park.

Important facts about Rhino

  • There are five species and 11 subspecies of rhino. White, Black, Indian, Javan, and Sumatran make up the five species of rhino in the world. 
  • White and black rhinoceros are native to Africa.
  • Indian, Javan and Sumatran can be found in India and Asia.
  • Habitat: The animal is primarily found in the Himalayan foothills — India and Nepal.
  • World Rhino Day is celebrated on September 22 to make people more aware about rhinos and promote its conservation.

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