Mains Question:
Question: In the coming years, the effect of climate change, along with increasing water needs would lead to a more intense exploitation of groundwater resources, whose sustainability must be carefully evaluated by a detailed interpretation of groundwater level data. Examine (150 words)
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Question Mapping
- Subject: Polity & Governance (GS-II)
- Sub-topic: Government Policies & Intervention
- Subject: Environment (GS-III)
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Approach
- Introduction- brief about depletion of groundwater
- Need of data collection
- depletion of groundwater
- increasing population and demand
- increasing Urbanization
- Ineffective planning due to lack of data
- Significance of groundwater data
- better planning
- GPDP and for NREGA planning exercises
- accurate assessment of the problem at hand
- sustainability
- List some Government initiative related to water-related data
- Mention Government’s latest app Jaldoot to capture data on ground water tables
- Sum up your answer with a way forward
Context:
United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the last, most exclusive club in international relations. Reforms of the UNSC need to be negotiated on a written document instead of holding verbal promises.
Superficial Declarations
- No support from P-5: Although the permanent members do make some noise about supporting a new entrant, the fact is that none of the five permanent (P-5) members wants to see UNSC ranks to be increased. Intrinsically each of them is confident enough that the idea of its enlargement will shoot down by one among the P-5.
Intricacies of membership
- Unhappiness about the right to veto: P-5 are no saints. The members of the P-5 club have used this privileged right on many occasions in a biased manner. For example, western members use the veto to protect Israel when the Palestinian question was being discussed; Russia, in its incarnations as the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, has cast more vetoes than its western counterparts.
- Support and Opposition: India, Japan, Brazil, and Germany are the declared candidates for permanent membership, called G-4. Pakistan and China will oppose India; China also doesn’t support Japan; Brazil has regional opponents and claimants; Italy is firmly opposed to Germany’s claim.
- Amending the charter: Changing the membership of the Council requires amending the Charter. This involves the consent of two-thirds of the total membership of the U N, including the concurring votes of P-5. This means that each of the five has a veto.
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