8th November 2021 (5 Topics)
8th November 2021
GS-II: Polity & Governance
- Constitutional provisions, The Judiciary
Context
Recently, the Madras High Court has declared as ‘unconstitutional’ a reservation law passed by the Tamil Nadu legislative Assembly.
- The law was challenged on account of the law being passed just hours before the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) came into force in the State.
- The MCC is a set of guidelines to regulate political parties and candidates prior to elections for the purpose of ensure free and fair elections in India.
The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) has been an important pillar in the conduct of free and fair elections in India, however, the lack of statutory backing has limited its effectiveness. Critically analyze. (250 Words)
Approach:
- Introduce by describing the origin and purpose of the MCC
- Give an account of how MCC helps in keeping the elections fair and free
- Discuss the need for more teeth and statutory backing for the MCC
- Give arguments why there is not much need for a law for MCC
- Conclusion
GS-II: Polity & Governance
- Government Schemes & Policies
Context
The government has recently constituted an empowered group of secretaries (EGOS), headed by the cabinet secretary, which will be a monitoring mechanism for the development and implementation of the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
- This 20-member group will set out procedure and definitive timeframe for synchronization of various activities for construction of roads and rail, along with all utility services in an area-based approach for development of infrastructure on a pilot basis.
Coordinated planning and execution of infrastructure projects have become a necessity for 21st century India. Discuss how the recent Gati Shakti Scheme of the central government aims to achieve this objective.(150 Words)
Approach:
- Introduce by highlighting the facts on the need for infrastructure development including roads, electricity, internet connectivity for India to become a $5 trillion economy
- Describe the need for a coordinated action plan for new infrastructure development in India
- Discuss the aims and objectives of Gati Shakti Scheme and how it can increase interdepartmental and inter-ministerial coordination
- Way Forward / Conclusion
GS-III: Environment
- Environmental Governance
Context
Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently launched Infrastructure for Resilient Island States (IRIS) on sidelines of climate summit in Glasgow.
Describe the objectives of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI). Discuss some major initiatives undertaken by the coalition in recent years. (150 Words)
Approach:
- Introduce by giving a need for adaptation measures against changing climate, especially for developing countries
- In this context, describe CDRI’s objectives and way of working
- Discuss the major initiatives undertaken by CDRI in recent years, like Infrastructure for Resilient Island States (IRIS)
- Conclusion
GS-III: Environment
- Environmental Governance
Context
The Global Methane Pledge was recently launched at the ongoing UN COP26 climate conference in Glasgow.
- More than 103 countries have signed up so far, including major methane emitters like Nigeria and Pakistan while China, Russia and India - have not signed up and Australia has said it will not back the pledge.
Why is methane emission a major concern for climate change? Discuss how the Global Methane Pledge can bring a significant impact on climate change. (150 Words)
Approach:
- Introduce by giving a short description of greenhouse gas (GHG) and how methane is a very potent GHG
- Discuss the sources of methane emissions and why it is a major concern
- Describe the objectives of the Global Methane pledge and whether it can bring about a change in global methane emissions
- Conclusion
GS-II: Polity & Governance
- Governance, Judiciary
Context
Recently, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has asked the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the State Governments to set up Police Complaints Authorities as per the judgment in Prakash Singh vs. Union of India, 2006.
- NHRC also recommended amending the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 to ensure that in case a person sustains injuries in police custody, it is presumed that the injuries were inflicted by the police and the burden of proof to explain the injury lies on the authority concerned.
- The legal framework should be made technology-friendly to speed up the criminal justice system and CCTV cameras with night vision should be installed in all police stations should be “implemented immediately” to ensure accountability.
Fifteen years have passed since the landmark Praksh Singh Judgment gave definitive directions for Police reforms in Indian states. Give an account of major reforms that have been undertaken in different states since then. What more needs to be done? (250 Words)
Approach:
- Introduce by giving a brief overview of the need for Police reforms in India and describing the Prakash Singh judgment of 2006 in this regard.
- Enumerate the major recommendation made in the judgment
- Give an account of major police reforms in various states
- Discuss the major reforms that are yet to be undertaken
- Conclusion
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