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Electroencephalograms (EEG)
Context
This year is the centenary of the first human EEG, produced by German physiologist Hans Berger.
About
- EEG stands for electroencephalography. ‘Electro’ pertains to electricity; ‘encephalo’ refers to the brain; and ‘graphy’ is a suffix meaning to show or to represent.
- Neurons in the brain perform various functions by moving electrically charged particles such as ions. The movement of these particles gives rise to electrical activity that a health worker can use an EEG test to visualise.
- How it works:
- Electrodes placed on the scalp
- Measures voltage fluctuations from ionic current flows within neurons
- Amplifies and records these electrical signals
- Brain wave patterns:
- Delta waves (0.5-4 Hz): deep sleep, unconsciousness
- Theta waves (4-8 Hz): drowsiness, meditation
- Alpha waves (8-13 Hz): relaxed, closed eyes
- Beta waves (13-30 Hz): normal waking consciousness
- Gamma waves (30-100 Hz): cognitive processing, learning
- Clinical applications:
- Diagnosing epilepsy and seizure disorders
- Evaluating brain injuries and tumors
- Assessing sleep disorders
- Monitoring depth of anesthesia
- Diagnosing brain death
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