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Equalisation levy a sovereign right, FM

Context

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman recently justified India's 2% equalization levy (EL) on multinational corporations' delivery of services, claiming that it is a sovereign prerogative to tax profits gained from activities in the country.

About

What is the Equalisation Levy (EL)?

  • The Equalization Levy (EL) is a tax levied on the compensation received by a nonresident for specific services.
  • The term "Specified Service" refers to online advertising, the supply of digital space for online advertising, or any other service used for online advertising purposes.
  • The Equalization Levy is levied by the Finance Act 2016, not the Indian Income Tax Act of 1961.
  • The Equalization Levy was implemented by the government as part of the Finance Bill in 2016, with the goal of taxing digital transactions.
  • According to Section 165 of the Finance Act 2016, a person resident in India or a non-resident with a permanent establishment in India must deduct EL at 6% on the consideration given to a non-resident for specific services.

Applicability of Equalisation Levy:

  • The Equalisation Levy is a direct tax that the service receiver withholds at the moment of payment.
  • To be liable for the equalization levy, two requirements must be met:
  • Payment should be made to a non-resident service provider./span>
  • One service provider receives more than 1,00,000 in yearly payments in a single fiscal year.

About EL (Equalization Levy) 2.0:

  • The Finance Act of 2020 broadened the scope of the EL to encompass all non-resident e-commerce businesses offering 'e-commerce supplies or services'.
  • According to the enlarged requirements, beginning April 1, 2020, a non-resident e-commerce operator is required to pay an Equalization Levy of 2% on the consideration received/receivable from e-commerce supply or services.
  • Salient features of (Equalization Levy) EL 2.0:
  • The Equalization Levy 2.0 does not apply to transactions covered by the Equalization Levy under the Finance Act of 2016.
  • Thus, EL 2.0 does not apply to services such as online advertising, the supply of digital space for online advertising, or other comparable activities.
  • EL 2.0 applies to non-resident e-commerce operators who sell things online, provide services online, or do both.
  • EL 2.0 applies to non-resident e-commerce businesses that provide to
    1. Person resident in India
    2. Person using an Indian IP address
    3. Non-resident in specific cases.
  • The threshold for equalization 2.0 is Rs 2 crore.
  • The EL 2.0 will be imposed only if the total amount of consideration received for such defined services in the preceding year exceeds Rs. 2 crore.
  • EL 2.0 is levied at a 2% rate on the amount of consideration received/receivable by the non-resident.
  • The non-resident e-commerce operator is liable for depositing the EL amount to the Government treasury & complies with the statutory requirements viz. the filing of EL return, etc.
  • The onus of compliance on the non-resident e-commerce operator EL 2 does not apply if the e-commerce operator has a Permanent Establishment in India and the e-commerce supplies or services are effectively linked to such a Permanent Establishment.

In October 2021, G20 nations reached a worldwide agreement to impose a 15% corporation tax and reallocate taxation rights for big profitable multinational businesses (MNEs) to countries where they sell goods and services.

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