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ILO’s Report on International Migrant Workers (2022)
Context
The International Labour Organization (ILO) has released the fourth edition of the Global Estimates on International Migrant Workers, highlighting the significant role that international migrants (IMs) play in global economic growth, through both addressing labor shortages in host nations and contributing remittances to their home countries.
International Migrants in the Global Workforce
- 7% of Global Labour Force: In 2022, international migrants made up 167.7 million of the global labor force, accounting for 4.7% of the total workforce. This number has increased by over 30 million since 2013. However, the growth rate slowed down post-2019, largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with an annual growth rate of less than 1%.
- Employment Status: Of these, 6 million were employed, and 12.1 million were unemployed but available for work.
Gender and Age Distribution
- Gender Gap: Among male international migrants, 3% were employed, while for female migrants, only 38.7% were employed. Although fewer women were employed, the number of female migrants has steadily increased since the ILO began tracking such data in 2015.
- Age Demographics:
- Prime-age workers (aged 25-54 years) made up 9% of the migrant workforce.
- Young workers (aged 15-24 years) accounted for 3% of international migrant workers.
- Older workers (aged 55+ years) made up 9% of the international migrant workforce in 2022.
Sectors of Employment for Migrants
- Services Sector Dominates: The largest share of international migrants (68.4%) worked in the services sector, with a dominant share of 7% women compared to 60.8% men in this sector.
- This trend has remained stable for the last decade, with migrant workers consistently making up over 67% of the services sector.
- Industry and Agriculture:
- Industry absorbed 3% of migrant workers, a proportion similar to that of non-migrants.
- Agriculture employed 4% of international migrants, significantly lower than the 24.3% share of non-migrants in this sector.
Main Host Countries for Migrants
- High-Income Countries: These countries absorbed 4% of all international migrants, with a heavy concentration in the services sector, especially in care-related jobs.
- Upper-Middle-Income Countries: These countries hosted 4% of international migrants, with the majority also working in services.
- Regional Distribution:
- Europe (Northern, Southern, and Western) accounted for 3% of global migrant workers, a slight increase since 2013.
- Northern America saw a slight decrease to 6% in 2022.
- Arab States experienced a decline to 3%, with a drop of about 3 percentage points since 2013.
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