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India as most populous can be more boon than bane

  • Published
    24th Apr, 2023

Context

China is projected to hand over the baton of the most populous country to India by mid­2023. But for India, there are greater prospects for demographic advantage than serious concerns.

Population Attributes

  • The population can be considered a valuable resource for a country as long as its carrying capacity remains intact.
  • Carrying capacity is not solely determined by the per capita availability of natural resources, but is a dynamic concept that evolves with changing technology, production efficiency, and consumption systems.
  • When analyzing India's population composition, there are more opportunities for a demographic dividend rather than potential disasters. India still has a favorable demographic window of 35 years to capitalize on economic benefits.

Mechanisms that translate a demographic bonus to economic dividend

  • The realization of a demographic dividend in India depends on the country's ability to create an adequate number of high-quality jobs for its growing working-age population.
  • Education, skills development, and the promotion of a healthy lifespan through disease prevention and disability mitigation are essential pathways for converting demographic opportunities into economic gains.
  • Effective governance plays a crucial role in harnessing the demographic dividend by creating a conducive environment that enhances the efficiency and productivity of the population.
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