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Iran-Saudi Arabia diplomatic agreement
Context
Recently, Iran and Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to resume diplomatic relations which were brokered by China.
Background (Tensions between Iran-Saudi Arabia)
- The feud between Iran and Saudi Arabia is a struggle for regional dominance and religious supremacy.
- The Middle East regional rivals, Iran and Saudi Arabia have had tense relationships since 2016.
- Over the years both countries have supported proxies across the region, including in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Yemen.
- Iran has supported Shia Houthi rebels in Yemen who forced out the Saudi-backed government in 2014, while Saudi Arabia has responded with a devastating air campaign against the Houthis since the following year.
- In January 2016, Saudi Arabia cut its diplomatic ties with Iran after its embassy in Tehran was attacked by demonstrators following Riyadh's execution of a prominent Shia Muslim cleric.
- In 2019, drones and missiles struck major Saudi Arabian oil facilities, which was blamed on Iran causing a further tense situation.
- Previously, there have been many attempts to broker a peace deal between the two countries but without any success.
Key highlights of the Agreements
- The agreement has been brokered by China.
- According to the agreement, Iran and Saudi Arabia will resume diplomatic relations after 7 years and reopen embassies within two months.
- The countries will also re-establish trade and security relations.
Impacts on the region
- The agreement will complement the ongoing peace efforts in the region.
- In September 2022, Israel, the US and UAE signed the Abraham Accords which paved the way for the resumption of trade and diplomatic relations between Israel and the UAE.
- The latest agreement will lead to improved regional stability and security as well as increased cooperation among Persian Gulf nations.
Impacts on India
- India has been walking tight a tightrope in balancing its ties with Iran and Saudi Arabia over the years.
- Both of these countries are important for India for its trade, connectivity and energy security.
- Normal trade and diplomatic relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia will provide India with an opportunity to increase its cooperation in the extended neighbourhood.
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