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ISRO's Successful Space Farming
Context
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) sent lobia (black-eyed pea) seeds into space as part of its Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies (CROPS). These seeds successfully germinated last week, marking a significant step in space farming research.
How Are Plants Grown in Space?
There are various methods for growing plants in space:
- Hydroponics: Plants grow without soil, using a nutrient-rich liquid solution.
- Aeroponics: Plants grow in the air with minimal water usage, absorbing nutrients from the air.
- Soil-like Media: Some plants grow in soil-like substances that provide structure and nutrients.
How ISRO Grew Lobia?
- ISRO used a mini greenhouse (CROPS box) with:
- Soil-like medium: Porous clay pellets for water and nutrient absorption.
- LED lights: Simulated day and night cycles for photosynthesis.
- Controlled temperature & air: Maintained Earth-like conditions.
- The lobia seeds sprouted in four days, showcasing the potential of space farming.
- Ideal Plants for Space
- Leafy greens: Lettuce, spinach, and kale.
- Beans and peas: High in protein and help improve soil.
- Root vegetables: Radishes and carrots.
- Cereals: Wheat and rice for long-term sustenance.
Why Grow Plants in Space?
As humans plan to explore and possibly colonize the Moon and Mars, growing plants in space becomes essential for long-term space missions.
- Sustainable Food Source: During long missions, astronauts can't rely on a limited supply of pre-packaged food or multivitamins, as they lose nutritional value over time.
- Oxygen Production: Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis, which can help keep the spacecraft’s air breathable.
- Recycling Waste: Plants can recycle carbon dioxide and organic waste, creating a closed-loop life support system in space.
- Mental Well-being: Tending to plants can reduce stress and help improve astronauts' mental health.
Challenges of Growing Plants in Space
- Microgravity: The lack of gravity in space makes it difficult for plants to grow properly, especially for roots that need to grow downwards.
- Water Management: Water in space doesn’t flow in the usual way due to microgravity, making it harder for plants to absorb water and nutrients.
- Radiation and Temperature: High levels of radiation in space can damage plants’ DNA, and temperature fluctuations make it difficult to maintain stable conditions.
- Light: Plants need light for photosynthesis, but space missions—especially to the outer solar system—face challenges with limited sunlight.
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