30th January 2025 (8 Topics)

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M23 Rebel Group and the Crisis in Goma, DRC

Context

The M23 rebel group has reportedly taken control of the city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Goma is an important city in North Kivu province, and its capture is a major setback for the Congolese government. This marks a serious escalation in the ongoing conflict, which has already caused the deaths of hundreds and displaced millions of people.

Brief Background

The conflict in eastern DR Congo is not new and has been ongoing for more than 30 years, since the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide.
The region is home to over 100 armed groups, all fighting for power, ethnic dominance, and control over DR Congo’s vast mineral wealth.
Rwanda and Uganda have a history of military interventions in DR Congo, dating back to 1996 and 1998, when both countries invaded, saying they were targeting Hutu militias.
These conflicts turned into two devastating wars, often called "Africa’s World Wars," that killed millions of people.
Global implications: The conflict in DR Congo is more than a regional issue and can have severe global implications. The country is one of the world’s largest sources of coltan, gold, and other minerals used in everyday electronics. The ongoing fighting disrupts supply chains and could lead to rising prices for tech products.

Who are the M23 Rebels?

The M23 is a rebel group made up mostly of Tutsi fighters.
They first emerged in 2012 when a group of soldiers from the Congolese army (FARDC) left their positions, claiming they were treated unfairly.
The group is mainly focused on controlling parts of the eastern DRC, a region rich in minerals. M23 claims to fight for the rights of the Tutsi population in DRC.
Rwanda is accused by the United Nations (UN) and the DRC of supporting M23, providing them with training, weapons, and sometimes soldiers.
The conflict has been complicated by historic tensions between Rwanda and DRC, with both sides blaming each other for the violence.

Fact Box:

Goma City

Goma is the biggest city in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Goma is not just any city – it is a strategic hub located on the border with Rwanda and on the shores of Lake Kivu.
The city is a gateway to rich mining areas that produce valuable resources like gold, tin, and coltan – a key mineral used in mobile phones and batteries for electric vehicles.

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GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

30th January 2025 (8 Topics)

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M23 Rebel Group and the Crisis in Goma, DRC

Brief Background

Who are the M23 Rebels?

Fact Box:

Still Have Questions?

GS Analyst: Daily Current Affairs

M23 Rebel Group and the Crisis in Goma, DRC

Brief Background

Who are the M23 Rebels?

Fact Box:

Still Have Questions?

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