Modi 3.0 Could Establish Indian Leadership in Climate Resilience

As India enters its third Lok Sabha term under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership, it has the opportunity to solidify its position as a global climate leader. Modi’s visionary ‘Panchamrit’ strategy, combined with India’s impressive climate action, can set a benchmark for sustainable development worldwide.

Panchamrit Vision and Climate Strategy:

• Introduction to Panchamrit Vision: Central to Modi 3.0’s climate strategy, Panchamrit outlines five key elements: reaching 500GW of non-fossil energy capacity, sourcing 50% of energy from renewable sources, reducing carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes, decreasing the carbon intensity of the economy by 45% (over 2005 levels) by 2030, and achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
• Commitment to Climate Action: These targets highlight India’s dedication to climate action, setting ambitious goals to significantly lower carbon emissions and shift to renewable energy sources.
• Global Impact: The strategy sets a global benchmark, showcasing India's role in leading international efforts towards sustainable development.

Major Determinants and Actions:

• Balancing Sustainability and Development: India faces the dual challenge of maintaining economic growth while ensuring environmental sustainability. Science-driven, evidence-based policies guide India’s climate actions.
• International Climate Initiatives: India has spearheaded initiatives like the International Solar Alliance (ISA) and the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI), advocating for a global alliance on biofuels to accelerate energy transition.
• Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA): Launched during the 2023 G20 summit, GBA promotes biofuel trade and best practices, enhancing energy transition, job creation, and economic growth.

Renewable Energy Accomplishments and Future Challenges:

• Renewable Energy Growth: India’s solar capacity has increased 26-fold, and wind energy capacity has doubled in the last decade. The country achieved its target of 40% installed power generation capacity from non-fossil fuels ahead of schedule.
• Challenges and Investments: Despite achievements, reliance on coal remains a challenge. Substantial investments in renewable energy, infrastructure, and sustainable land-use practices are required to meet climate goals.
• Indian Carbon Market (ICM): The proposed ICM aims to lower India’s emission intensity by 45% by 2030, supporting the net-zero carbon emissions goal by 2070 through a robust carbon trading mechanism.

UPSC Mains Questions:

Q. Examine the impact of international initiatives like the International Solar Alliance (ISA) and Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) on global energy transition. How can India leverage these platforms to enhance its climate resilience?