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White Phosphorus

About

global human rights group accused Israel of using white phosphorus incendiary shells on residential buildings in conflict-hit southern Lebanon, possibly harming civilians and violating international law.

What is White Phosphorus?

  • White phosphorus is a solid waxy substance that looks yellowish or colorless.
  • It has a distinct garlic-like smell.
  • Uses and Properties:
    • White phosphorus ignites instantly when it touches oxygen.
    • Militaries use it for lighting up battlefields, creating smoke screens, and as an incendiary.
    • Once ignited, it's hard to put out, and it sticks to surfaces like skin and clothes.
  • Health Risks: White phosphorus is harmful to humans in all forms of contact.
  • Its smoke contains phosphoric acids and phosphine, which can harm the eyes and respiratory system.
  • Contact with white phosphorus can cause deep and severe burns, even penetrating through bone.
  • Ban: The incendiary substance is not banned, but its use in densely populated areas has been widely condemned.

International Law and White Phosphorus:

  • While international law doesn't outright ban incendiary weapons like white phosphorus, its use in densely populated areas has been widely condemned.
  • When white phosphorus is used as an incendiary weapon (not for chemical warfare), it's regulated by Protocol III of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.
  • Violation of the convention happens only if it's deliberately used as an incendiary weapon against humans in civilian areas like cities or residential areas.

Fact Box: Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons:

  • In 1980, the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the use of certain conventional weapons was established. This convention aims to ban or restrict weapons causing undue suffering or indiscriminate harm.
    • Protocol III: Protocol III of this convention is crucial for limiting incendiary weapons. Its main goal is to protect civilians and civilian infrastructure from these harmful weapons.
    • It prohibits deliberately targeting civilians and imposes restrictions on using incendiary weapons in populated areas.
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