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On Myanmar, India needs a rethink
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Context
The ongoing conflict and instability in Myanmar, particularly in the region near the Thai border, have drawn attention due to the recent battle for control over Myawaddy.
Breakdown of State Authority:
- Shaky state authority: Myanmar has historically struggled to maintain control over its territory due to tensions between the Bamar majority and ethnic minority groups.
- Escalation since the 2021 coup has worsened the situation, with the army losing control over large parts of the country as pro-democracy and ethnic groups unite against military rule.
- Growth of trans-border criminal networks: The breakdown of state authority has attracted trans-border criminal networks, such as the notorious Border Guard Force (BGF), which exploits to expand its regional dominance and engage in illegal activities (drug trafficking, gambling).
India's Policy Recommendations:
- Lack of Indian policy debate: Despite the significant impact on India's security, there has been little debate in India on how to address the Myanmar crisis, highlighting the need for a re-evaluation of India's policy towards Myanmar.
- Engagement with stakeholders: India should engage with Myanmar's National Unity Government, local forces and ethnic armed groups, to address the crisis effectively.
- Beyond border fencing: Merely fencing the border is insufficient to address the the situation; India needs a more nuanced approach to safeguard its interests on the eastern frontier.
Mains question:
Discuss the escalating conflict and breakdown of state authority in Myanmar, its implications for regional stability, and recommend policy measures for neighboring countries like India to address the crisis effectively while safeguarding their security interests.
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