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Power play: On hydropower projects and the environment
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Context
Sikkim has recently experienced a landslide that damaged six houses and a National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) building. This incident is the second major natural disaster impacting hydropower projects along the Teesta River, following last year's glacier outburst that severely affected the Teesta-3 project. The situation highlights ongoing challenges and controversies surrounding hydropower development in the region.
Recent Developments
- Impact of Recent Landslide: On August 20, 2024, a landslide in Sikkim damaged six houses and an NHPC building at the Teesta-5 hydropower station. Unlike the previous disaster, this incident did not result in any casualties or injuries, but it underscores ongoing vulnerabilities in hydropower projects.
- Previous Disaster: In October 2023, a deluge from the South Lhonak glacier caused the Chungthang dam to collapse, leading to severe impacts on the Teesta-3 power project. This project, initially a major power source, is now operational at only a fraction of its original capacity.
- Ongoing Hydropower Challenges: The region has faced numerous issues with hydropower projects, with only five of the 47 proposed projects being operational. The remaining projects are mired in complications, including environmental and financial concerns.
Environmental and Structural Concerns
- Environmental and Structural Risks: The Teesta-3 project’s failure has been partly attributed to cost-saving measures that led to the construction of a less durable concrete-faced rock fill dam rather than a more robust concrete gravity dam. This highlights the risks associated with compromising on structural integrity.
- Need for Accurate Assessments: Comprehensive environmental impact assessments are crucial for hydropower projects in the region. Accurate assessments can help in understanding the true costs and risks, thereby improving public trust and ensuring environmental sustainability.
- Balancing Interests: The development of hydropower projects along the Teesta River involves balancing environmental risks, public perception, and financial considerations. The challenges in this balancing act underscore the need for careful planning and risk management.
Mains Question
Q. Examine the challenges and implications of hydropower projects in the Teesta River basin. How do natural disasters and structural issues affect the viability of such projects, and what measures can be implemented to address these concerns effectively?
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