Context

The Government of India (GOI) has launched the Global Innovation Index (GII) in New Delhi. This is the first time that the GII is being launched in an emerging economy.

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• The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of Ministry of Commerce and Industry, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) have co-hosted the event.
• The theme of GII- 2019 is “Creating Healthy Lives - The Future of Medical Innovation” which aims to explore the role of medical innovation as it shapes the future of healthcare.
• This is the 12th edition of the GII rankings of 129 economies.

GII

• It was introduced in 2009 and it is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation.
• The GII rankings are published every year by Cornell University, INSEAD and the UN World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and GII Knowledge Partners.
• India’s Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is one of the knowledge partners which assist GII team in bringing out the annual ranking.
• It is based on 80 indicators ranging from intellectual property filing rates to mobile-application creation, education spending and scientific and technical publications.
• The GII is commonly used by corporate and government officials to compare countries by their level of innovation.
• It analyses the medical innovation landscape of the next decade, looking at how technological and non-technological medical innovation will transform the delivery of healthcare worldwide.
• It also explores the role and dynamics of medical innovation as it shapes the future of healthcare, and the potential influence this may have on economic growth.

India’s Performance

• India’s ranking in the Global Innovation Index is 52 which show an improvement of 5 points from the last years ranking (57).
• It is among the top in the world in innovation drivers such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT), services exports, graduates in science and engineering, the quality of universities, gross capital formation (a measure of economy-wide investments) and creative goods exports.
• It stands out in the world’s top science and technology clusters, with Bengaluru, Mumbai, and New Delhi featuring among the top 100 global clusters.
• It continues to be the most innovative economy in central and southern Asia (a distinction held since 2011).

Global Performance

• Switzerland tops the GII index followed by Sweden, United States of America, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Finland, Denmark, Singapore, Germany and Israel. While Yemen secured the last rank.
• China scored the rank 17th rank this year, which is an upgrade from the previous 44th rank in 2017.

The overall GII score is the simple average of the Input and Output Sub-Index scores: The Innovation Input Sub-Index is comprised of five input pillars that capture elements of the national economy that enable innovative activities: (1) Institutions, (2) Human capital and research, (3) Infrastructure, (4) Market sophistication, and (5) Business sophistication. The Innovation Output Sub- Index provides information about outputs that are the results of innovative activities within the economy. There are two output pillars: (6) Knowledge and technology outputs and (7) Creative outputs. The Innovation Efficiency Ratio is the ratio of the Output Sub-Index score over the Input Sub-Index score. It shows how much innovation output a given country is getting for its inputs.