Context

India's human space mission Gaganyaan is likely to use a green propellant to avoid all toxic and hazardous materials as a propellant.

About

• What is Green Propulsion?
• Green Propulsionis a green alternative for the conventional chemical propulsion systems for future spacecraft.
• This is called a "green" fuel because when combusted it transforms into nontoxic gasses.
• Example: Hydroxylammonium nitrate (NH3OHNO3)fuel/oxidizer blend which is also known as AF-M315E is one example of green propellant

Significance

• Efficient:The green propulsion system seeks to improve overall propellant efficiency.
• Better performance: It delivers a higher specific thrustdelivered to per given quantity of fuel. It strives to optimize the performance of the hardware, systems, and power solutions.
• Easy & Safe: This is easier and saferfor storage and handling.
• Less toxic:It will reduce the handling concerns which are associated with the toxic fuel hydrazine.
• Lower cost: It requires a potentially shorter launch processing period and results in lowering costs.

Gaganyaan  This is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft for the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme under ISRO. The spacecraft is designed to carry three people. The mission will have two unmanned flights and one human spaceflight. It will encircle Earth in a low-earth-orbit with an altitude of 300-400 km from earth. GSLV Mk III (LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3)) the three-stage heavy-lift launch vehicle, will be used for the launch of Gaganyaan.