Published: 16th Aug, 2021
Context
Recently, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the first part of the sixth assessment report (AR6). The two remaining parts are expected to be released next year.
About
About the IPCC reports
- The IPCC reports are created by 3 working groups of scientists.
- Working Group-I, deals with the scientific basis for climate change.
- Working Group-II looks at the expected impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation issues.
- Working Group-III deals with the actions that can be taken for combating climate change.
- Title of the report is Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
- The assessment reports are the most widely accepted scientific opinion about the climate change.
- They form the basis for government to form policies to tackle climate change.
- It also provides scientific foundation for international climate change negotiations.
Key findings of the Sixth report
- Impact on global warming: Global warming of 1.5°C and 2°C will be increased unless deep reductions in CO2 and other GHGs during the 21st century.
- Net zero emission: It noted that global net-zero by 2050 was the minimum required to keep the temperature rise to 1.5 degree Celsius.
- Effect on monsoon:The South West Monsoon has declined over the past few decades because of the increase of aerosols, but once this reduces, we will experience heavy monsoon rainfall.
- Sea Temperature: The Indian Ocean, which includes the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, has warmed faster than the global average.
- Surface Temperature: The sea surface temperature over Indian Ocean is likely to increase by 1 to 2 °C when there is 1.5°C to 2°C global warming.
- Earth’s global surface temperature has gone up by around 1.1 °C in comparison to the average in 1850–1900.
- Such a level hasn’t been witnessed in 125,000 years.
- Rise in sea-level: Sea levels to rise by 2–3 meters over the next 2,000 years.
- Precipitation & Drought: Increased frequency and intensity of the hot extremes, marine heat waves, and the heavy precipitation along with the agricultural and ecological droughts.
- Melting Glaciers: Intensification and variability of the global water cycle.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) Concentrations: The ocean and land carbon sinks are expected to be less effective.
- The world has already depleted 86% of its available carbon budget.
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