Context

Meghalaya’s network of ancient caves is facing environmental threats.

Important Caves in Meghalaya

• Meghalaya is called the Abode of the Clouds or Scotland of the East.
• Meghalaya has the highest number of caves in India, there are more 1,700 registered caves including:
  • Krem Puri, the world’s longest sandstone cave.
  • Krem Um Ladaw, which has the deepest shaft of any cave in the world.
  • Neolissochilus Pnar, discovered recently, is the world’s largest cave fish.
  • Liat Prah limestone cave, the longest cave
  • Mawmluh Cave, locally known as Krem Mawmluh, is located in the Cherrapunji-Mawsynram area, known as the world’s wettest region.
    • It is part of the region’s extensive network of limestone and rare sandstone caves, which are vital components of the eco-sensitive Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region.
    • Mawmluh Cave is identifiedas a geological heritage site by the International Union of Geological Sciences, a council that works closely with 
  • Favourable conditions: The state has all the ideal conditions for such formations to thrive: High-grade limestone, rainfall, and elevation, complete with a hot and humid climate.