National Animal Disease Control Programme

Published: 14th Sep, 2019

Prime Minister has launched National Animal Disease Control Programme and National Artificial Insemination Programme.

Related Information:

India has achieved eradication of Rinderpest (RP), Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia (CBPP), AHS and Dourine.

About Brucellosis Disease:

Brucellosis is a disease caused by a group of bacteria from the genus Brucella.
These bacteria can infect both humans and animals.
Brucellosis is often spread when people eat contaminated food, which can include raw meat and unpasteurized milk, it can also be spread through the air or contact with an open wound.
Brucellosis is preventable. Vaccine is available for animals also.

About Foot and Mouth Disease:

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious virus disease of animals. It is one of the most serious livestock diseases.
It affects cloven-hoofed animals (those with divided hoofs), including cattle, buffalo, camels, sheep, goats, deer and pigs.
Human infections have been reported but they are very rare and do not result in serious disease.
It is found in many parts of the world, and has been reported in countries in Africa, the Middles East, Asia and South America.
The disease spreads most commonly through the movement of infected animals. But it can also be spread on wool, hair, grass or straw; by the wind; or by mud or manure etc.
Vaccines can protect against the disease but do not necessarily prevent animals from being Human FMD and FMD are different and caused by different organisms.

Context

Prime Minister has launched National Animal Disease Control Programme and National Artificial Insemination Programme.

About

National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP) has been launched for eradicating the foot and mouth disease and brucellosis in livestock.
It aims to control the livestock diseases by 2025 and eradicate these by 2030.
It aims at vaccinating over 500 million livestock including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs against the FMD.
It also aims at vaccinating 36 million female bovine calves annually in its fight against the brucellosis disease.

Funding: It is a 100% centrally funded programme for a period from 2019 to 2024.

Need:

Farmer’s Income: Animal Husbandry and other allied activities have a greater role to play in increasing farmers’ income.
Affects Productivity: Animal diseases impact livestock production through direct costs and indirect costs. In case of Brucellosis, the milk output reduces by 30 per cent during the entire life cycle of animal and also causes infertility among the animals.
Trade: Brucellosis and FMD disease is common among cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and pigs and it has a direct negative impact on trade of milk and other livestock products.
Affects Humans: The infections can also be transmitted to the farm workers and livestock owners.

National Artificial Insemination Programme:

The Prime Minister also launched the National Artificial Insemination Programme in all the Krishi VIgyan Kendras(KVKs).
It is launched across the country for vaccination and disease management, Artificial Insemination and Productivity.

Other Government Initiatives:

National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development:

It has three components:

National Programme for Bovine Breeding:
- To arrange quality Artificial Insemination services at farmers' doorstep.
- To bring all breedable females under organized breeding through Artificial Insemination or natural service using germplasm of high genetic merits.
National Programme for Dairy Development:
- To create and strengthen infrastructure for production of quality milk including cold chain infrastructure linking the farmer to the consumer.
- To strengthen dairy cooperative societies/Producers Companies at village level.
Rashtriya Gokul Mission:
- To undertake breed improvement programme for indigenous cattle breeds so as to improve the genetic makeup and increase the stock.
- To distribute disease free high genetic merit bulls of indigenous breeds for natural service.
- To upgrade nondescript cattle using elite indigenous breeds like Gir, Sahiwal, Rathi, Deoni, Tharparkar, Red Sindhi.

National Animal Disease Referral Expert System (NADRES):

It is an interactive, dynamic, relational online animal disease forewarning system.
It has been developed with overall aim to improve the early warning and response capacity to animal disease threats in the country.
National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI) has developed the NADRES.
It will use Livestock disease data, Livestock population data, Meteorological data and Remote sensing data to take appropriate control measures.

Pashu Sakhis - community led livestock extension service:

It is a community based approach.
Women will be empowered through technical training and hand holding support to take lead in generating demand for inputs and provide services to livestock farmers.

Why previous Livestock Extension services failed:

The trained rural youth were responsible to cater only to 8-15 villages often focused on treatment, mostly on large livestock, rather than preventive practices and awareness building.
The trained youth who were men most of the time, had a social and psychological barrier in reaching women, who are the caretakers of livestock.
High travel costs resulted in neglect of close monitoring and administering first aid.

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