Published: 26th Oct, 2023
Context:
Recent findings of the Periodic Labour Force Surveys (PLFS) assessing various forms of employment from April-June 2019 to 2023 have been released.
Key Findings –
- Trends in Gender Gap:
- The gender gap in earnings has increased for self-employed workers but decreased for regular wage workers.
- From 2019 to 2022, male regular wage workers earned 34% more than women, which decreased to 24% in 2023.
- Average Weekly Work Hours:
- Women work fewer hours than men across all types of work. In 2023, the largest gap in work hours was observed among self-employed workers, with men working 50% more hours than women.
- The gap was the smallest for regular wage workers, where men and women worked 51 and 43 hours per week, respectively.
- Earnings per Hour: When considering hourly earnings, the gap significantly reduces for regular wage workers.
- In 2023, men in this category earned 24% more than women over the week, but also worked 19% longer.
- The gap in hourly earnings for regular wage workers was only around 4%, down from 11% in 2019.
- Inequality in Hourly Earnings: Inequality in hourly earnings is higher for casual workers and the self-employed, though not as high as when considering total earnings.
- In 2023, male casual workers earned 23% more per hour than women, while the gap increased for the self-employed, reaching 87% in 2023.
- Factors Influencing Hours of Work: The choice of working hours is influenced by various factors,
- Including social norms that require women to handle domestic and child-rearing duties.
- This can limit women's choices for full-time employment and lead to disparities in working hours.
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