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15th March 2022 (7 Topics)

Remembering Stephen Hawking on his 4th death anniversary

Context

British physicist Stephen Hawking passed away on 14 March, in the year 2018. 

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Contribution of Stephen Hawking to the scientific world:

Remembering him on his death anniversary, here are a few ground-breaking discoveries that can be attributed to the phenomenal scientist and inspiring human being.

  • Proving Black Holes:
  • He was the first person to ever provide mathematical proof for the existence of black holes.
  • They had been a theory before Hawking’s validation.
  • The Hawking Radiation:
  • His prediction that black holes emit radiation was found true and named after him.
  • Thanks to these predictions, we now know black holes can vary in size in accordance to the radiation of energy.
  • Hawking Area Theorem:
  • This was a team effort with Brandon Carter and James Bardeen. Together, they discovered the laws of the mechanics of black holes.
  • The first of these was named after Hawking, which says the black hole never gets smaller in terms of total surface area.
  • Formation of Black Holes:
  • Apart from discovering their existence, Hawking also postulated how they were formed.
  • As a star dies, its entire mass collapses into infinite density at a single point (or singularity) which in turn forms a black hole.
  • The Theory of Time:
  • His theories regarding time are quite interesting.
  • One of the many time-related theories he offered was that before the Big Bang explosion (widely accepted as the event leading to the birth of our current universe) time was basically non-existent.
  • This means questions regarding “what existed or happen before” this event is essentially meaningless.

About Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS):

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as "Lou Gehrig's Disease," is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord.
  • Motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body.
  • The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death.
  • When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost.
  • With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed.
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