UK-Mauritius Chagos Deal: Crossroads for India’s strategic autonomy

The recent decision by the UK to transfer sovereignty of the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius represents a significant shift in international relations and maritime geopolitics. This development addresses long-standing colonial legacies while reshaping power dynamics in the Indian Ocean, impacting regional security and strategic interests.

Implications for Stakeholders

• Pressure from International Bodies: The UK’s decision was influenced by mounting pressure from the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the UN General Assembly, and countries like India, which has supported Mauritius' sovereignty claims. This move reflects a growing international consensus favoring Mauritius and underscores the UK's need to align with global sentiment.
• Strategic Control of Diego Garcia: While Mauritius gains sovereignty over the Chagos Islands, the US and UK retain control over the military base at Diego Garcia for the next 99 years. This strategic arrangement allows the US to maintain a crucial military foothold in the Indian Ocean, with implications for regional security dynamics, especially in the context of increasing Chinese naval activities.
• India’s Strategic Calculus: For India, access to Diego Garcia presents opportunities for enhanced military cooperation with the US and UK, vital for countering Chinese influence. However, this proximity to a key US military base raises concerns about India’s strategic autonomy and its relationships with non-Western partners, particularly in light of rising tensions in the Middle East.

Balancing Geopolitical Interests

• Impact on Strategic Autonomy: India has traditionally pursued a policy of strategic autonomy, balancing ties with various global powers. Closer military cooperation with the US, facilitated by access to Diego Garcia, may shift this balance, potentially undermining India’s ability to engage with non-Western partners like Russia and Iran.
• Concerns Over Regional Dynamics: The presence of US military assets in the Indian Ocean complicates India’s position amidst tensions between Israel and Iran. While India leans towards Israel, overt alignment with US policies could strain relations with Iran, highlighting the need for a careful diplomatic approach.
• Maritime Security Collaboration: India’s involvement in enhancing Mauritius’ maritime security capacity presents an opportunity to address threats like illegal fishing, particularly from China. Strengthening Mauritius’ security capabilities aligns with India’s interests in countering Chinese influence while maintaining a balanced regional presence.

Practice Question

Q. Analyze the implications of the UK’s transfer of sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius on regional security and India’s strategic interests in the Indian Ocean. How should India navigate its relationships with global powers while maintaining its strategic autonomy?