15th March 2023 (7 Topics)
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What is SoO agreement?
Context
The State government of Manipur has decided to withdraw from the Suspension of Operations (SoO) agreement with two hill-based tribal militant groups, alleging they were “influencing agitation among forest encroachers”.
Background:
- Kuki groups have fought the Indian government for an ‘independent Kuki homeland’, spread across Manipur.
- The Kuki insurgency gained momentum after ethnic clashes with the Nagas of Manipur in the early 1990s, with the Kuki arming them against Naga aggression.
- While the two tribes have shared a hostile relationship since colonial times, things came to a head in the 1990s when the Naga-Kuki clashes took place.
About:
- The state government claimed that a protest rally organised against section 144, was influenced by the two groups, Kuki National Army (KNA) and Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA).
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Section 144:
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What is the Suspension of Operations pact?
- The SoO pact was signed on August 22, 2008.
- Objective: For initiating political dialogue with the militant groups.
- Reason: The Kuki outfits who were initially demanding a separate Kuki state have come down to a ‘Kukiland territorial council’, which would have financial and administrative powers independent of the Manipur Assembly and government.
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There are nearly 30 Kuki insurgent groups in Manipur, of which 25 are under tripartite Suspension of Operations (SoO) with the Government of India and the state. |
- Time-period: The duration of the Suspension of Operation agreement is one year, it is extendable according to the progress of its implementation.
- Implementation: To oversee the effective implementation of the SoO pact, a committee called the Joint Monitoring Group (JMG), with representatives from all the signatories, has been formed.
- Signatories of the agreement:
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- The signatories of UPF and KNO shall abide by the Constitution of India, the laws of the land and the territorial integrity of Manipur.
- They are prohibited from committing all kinds of atrocities, extortion, among others.
- Provisions of the agreement:
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- The militant cadres are to be confined in designated camps identified by the Government.
- Arms are deposited in a safe room under a double-locking system.
- The groups are given arms only to guard their camps and protect their leaders.
- As a rehabilitation package, the UG cadres living in the designated camps are given a monthly stipend of Rs.5000.
- Financial assistance is also being provided to maintain the designated camps.
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