A discourse on AI governance that India must shape

The Summit of the Future (September 22-23, 2024) represents a pivotal moment for global diplomacy and AI governance. The UN aims to advance the Global Digital Compact (GDC) to address the digital divide, promote Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and enhance international AI governance. This summit comes amidst growing geopolitical contestation, with the U.S. and China proposing contrasting AI resolutions reflecting their strategic interests.

Geopolitical Contestation in AI Governance

• U.S.-Led Resolution: The U.S. resolution advocates for harmonized AI governance, emphasizing ethical principles, data protection, and transparency. It aims to establish global standards that reflect U.S. dominance in AI technology.
• China-Led Resolution: China's resolution focuses on equitable AI benefits, bridging the digital divide, and fostering an open business environment. It positions China as a key player in setting global trade and technology standards.
• Geopolitical Implications: These resolutions reflect broader geopolitical competition between the U.S. and China, highlighting differing priorities in AI governance and impacting global digital policies.

India’s Role and Historical Influence

• UN Engagement: India’s historical engagement at the UN, notably in climate negotiations, underscores its ability to shape global policies. It has championed equity and technology transfer in climate agreements, which it can leverage for AI governance.
• Global South Advocacy: India has led efforts to represent Global South interests, including forming coalitions like the Green Group and BASIC. This legacy positions India to advocate for fair AI governance that addresses developmental disparities.
• Current Initiatives: India’s leadership in forums like the G-20 and GPAI emphasizes fair AI access and equity. It should continue to use these platforms to ensure that AI governance reflects the needs and priorities of developing countries.

Addressing Challenges and Shaping the Future

• Equitable Access: India should advocate for more equitable access to AI technologies and capacity building for developing countries. This includes creating institutional mechanisms for knowledge sharing and supporting under-represented groups.
• Inclusive Frameworks: India should push for comprehensive AI governance frameworks that respect human rights and align with international laws, ensuring that AI systems are inclusive and representative of diverse global perspectives.
• Geopolitical Balance: In the face of U.S.-China dynamics, India’s active participation is crucial to prevent the marginalization of Global South perspectives. Addressing local needs and challenges will help ensure that global AI governance frameworks are effective and equitable.

Practice Question

Q. Analyze the implications of the Summit of the Future for global AI governance. How can India leverage its historical role and current initiatives to influence the development of international AI policies? Discuss the potential challenges and opportunities for ensuring equitable and inclusive AI governance in the context of geopolitical competition.