Agitation Over Reservation Policy in Nagaland

Context

A coalition of five prominent Naga tribes in Nagaland has called for a re-evaluation of the 48-year-old reservation policy in State government jobs. They argue that the existing quota for 11 "backward" tribes is outdated and no longer reflects present-day socio-economic and educational conditions.

Reservation Policy in Nagaland (Since 1977):

A reservation system was instituted for 11 "backward" tribes in Nagaland in 1977.
The policy was continued indefinitely via a government order in 1989 without the mandated review in 1987.
These tribes include seven from eastern Nagaland — a region with developmental challenges.

Committee's Argument for Review:

The Committee on Review Reservation Policy (CRRP) argues that the 48-year-old policy no longer reflects current educational and socio-economic dynamics.
The committee does not oppose reservation per se but calls for re-evaluation based on updated data and Census (next due in 2027).
A commission was promised to be set up by June 17, 2025, but the government cited complexity and delayed the process.

Constitutional & Administrative Relevance:

The issue involves Article 16(4) of the Constitution (reservation for backward classes).
Nagaland enjoys special status under Article 371A, which gives the State autonomy over civil and customary laws.
The matter may influence future delimitation and administrative reforms in the State.

Article 16(4) – Reservation in Public Employment

Article 16(4) is a provision under Part III (Fundamental Rights) of the Indian Constitution.
It states:
- “Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.”

Constitutional Provision:

Inserted by the 13th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1962 following the 1960 Naga Peace Accord.
Article 371A(1) states that no Act of Parliament shall apply to Nagaland in respect of:
- Religious or social practices of the Nagas
- Naga customary law and procedure
- Administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to customary law
- Ownership and transfer of land and its resources
  …unless the Nagaland Legislative Assembly decides so by a resolution.