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24th January 2025 (12 Topics)

Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project

Context

The Supreme Court of India recently disposed of an application from Karnataka, which sought an injunction to prevent Tamil Nadu from proceeding with the Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project. The Court noted that, as of now, Tamil Nadu has not received the necessary approval from the Union government to move forward with the project.

About Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project

  • The Cauvery-South Vellar Link project is a proposed irrigation and water transfer initiative put forward by Tamil Nadu.
  • It aims to transfer excess floodwater from the Cauvery River (Mettur Dam) in Tamil Nadu to the South Vellar River, thereby providing water to the Sarabanga basin in Salem district, which faces water scarcity.
  • This project is part of Tamil Nadu’s broader strategy to improve irrigation and water management in its drought-prone regions.
  • Water Transfer: The project would involve the diversion of excess water (about 483 TMCft) that flows across the inter-State border near Biligundlu in Karnataka, to Tamil Nadu.
  • Karnataka’s Opposition:
    • Karnataka has raised concerns that this project would lead to the appropriation of its Cauvery water. The state argues that it has a right to the water, particularly after the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal’s 2007 decision and the Supreme Court’s 2018 verdict regarding water sharing.
    • Karnataka fears that the project would interfere with its own water rights and hurt the interests of its people who depend on the Cauvery water for drinking and irrigation.

Fact Box:

Cauvery River

  • Kaveri River (Ganges of the South), sacred river of southern India, rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats in southwestern Karnataka state.
  • The river flows through the states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Puducherry before emptying into the Bay of Bengal at Poompuhar in Tamil Nadu.
  • Major Tributaries: Bhavani, Hemavati, Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, and Amaravati rivers.
  • Length: 760 kilometers.
  • Prominent dams on Cauvery: KRS (Krishnarajasagara) Dam in Karnataka and the Mettur Dam in Tamil Nadu.
  • The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) was set up in 1990 to resolve the water-sharing dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over the river’s waters.
    • The tribunal's final order, issued in 2007, allocated a certain quantity of water to each state.
    • The Supreme Court ratified the Tribunal’s award in 2018, but disputes continue, especially regarding the implementation of the water-sharing formula during periods of drought.

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